Robustness of plant quantitative disease resistance is provided by a decentralized immune network

Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores

Is the immune network a complex network?

Some years ago a cellular automata model was proposed to describe the evolution of the immune repertoire of B cells and antibodies based on Jerne’s immune network theory and shape-space formalism. Interactions among different B-cell clones, which may be found in low, intermediate and high concentrations, occur depending on the complementarities of their characteristic proteins and are regulated...

Plant Disease Resistance Genes.

In "gene-for-gene" interactions between plants and their pathogens, incompatibility (no disease) requires a dominant or semidominant resistance (R) gene in the plant, and a corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. Many plant/pathogen interactions are of this type. R genes are presumed to (a) enable plants to detect Avr-gene-specified pathogen molecules, (b) initiate signal transduct...

Resistance to phytopathogens e tutti quanti: placing plant quantitative disease resistance on the map.

Plant disease resistance can be seen as a process of a dual nature: both qualitative and quantitative.The nature of non-self molecules perceived by plants has led to the depiction of plant immunity as a two-layer defence system. The first layer is mediated by cell surface and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which perceive conserved microbial elicitors, termed pathogenassociat...

A decentralized multi-level leader-follower game for network design of a competitive supply chain

This paper develops a decentralized leader-follower game for network design of a competitive supply chain problem in which a new chain as the leader enters a market with one existing supply chain as a follower. Both chains produce an identical product, customer demand is inelastic and customer utility function is based on Huff gravity-based model. The leader wants to shape his network and set a...